مجله مطالعات اجتماعی ایران
سال دوازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 41، بهار 1397)

Beside rural poverty and emigration, addiction of youth is nowadays considered as one of the important factors leading to the weakening and ineffectiveness of human resources and dysfunction of rural society. Therefore, this paper examines the causes of tendency towards drug abuse among young people living in rural areas. This research has been conducted with qualitative approach of content analysis. The statistical population of study included residents of villages living in Delfan district. This city has often been the first to third rank in terms of the number of drug addicts in Lorestan province. Samples were selected using purposive snowball method. Selecting 20 drug addicts, some executives of addiction rehabilitation centers, and drug dealers, guaranteed the theoretical saturation of the sample. Required data were collected using in-depth interviews and the collected data was analyzed using the conventional content analysis method.The findings suggest that the main causes preserving the tendency towards drug abuse include social support provided by local subculture and structural factors, entertainment of elderly with drug consumption, and social factors such as conflicts in the village, job status, and insufficient leisure time activities. Existence of an expert and knowledgeable village chief, and availability of legal and administrative infrastructure to inform the villagers and attract their participation, is one of the most important factors affecting the non-proliferation of drug consumption.

Attachment to a place - peoples' emotions, feelings and belongings to a place - is one of the features that encourages people to participate and invest there. The aims of this study is investigating determinants of attachment to place among rural youth. By descriptive method, and factor analysis, the present research attempts to sort related variables with place attachment. The population of study include 15-30 years old rural youth of Osku and Hashtrud districts of East Azerbaijan province. The sample size was 769. The results showed that nine factors were related to place attachment which could explain 53% of attachment to place variance. These variables include "Environment and Nature of village", "fulfilling the needs / meeting the needs", "sense of identity", "participation in community affairs", "satisfaction from the village", "having a good job", "sense of freedom and satisfaction from people", " responsibility" and "relationship with neighbors and kinsfolk".

More than half a century has passed from concentration and integrity of the rural affairs administration, from the constitutional period to the land reform. The purpose of this study is to identify the way of organizing rural affairs during the expansion of the land ownership system from constitutional revolution to the implementation of the land reform programs. The method of this research is qualitative. The authors analyzed the data from the documents and interviews using thematic analysis. The statistical population of this study is the villages of the southern part of Gorkan, Mobarakeh. In order to collect information 50 Key Informant of village managers were interviewed. The findings show that land ownership has been expanded and recognized by the abolition of feudalist ownership, which has resulted in the formation of centralized management of rural affairs. Among the important findings of this study was recognition of the centralized management of the village with the owner of the village administration in water management, the establishing discipline and security in the village, communication management, production management and the owner's support, especially in the construction of roads, schools and public places.The results of this research indicate that cooperation, holistic approach, support, empiricism, low intervention of government, and the lack of bureaucracy were the most important social features of the rural management during the period.

Developmental interventions have been making lots of changing and transformations in rural women's daily life. The study attempts to answer the question of "How these changes may effect rural women’s social identity and social roles". An ethnographic research has been conducted on three villages of Gohardan, Rameh, and Kouhzar. These three villages belong to different climate features. Data gathering implemented by observation and unstructured interviews. Findings showed that rural women’s social roles changed and their identity transformed from being farmer to housekeeper. Women in Rameh and Gohardan prefer to be educated and also marry with a man who lives in town and is not a farmer. Educated women usually have left the village. Besides, the younger women prefer not to be skillful about traditional agricultural affairs. In Kouhzar women’s traditional roles like baking at home, making handicrafts like carpet is extinct. Women of all three villages prefer to use modern home appliances. Their social roles has changed in rural community. It seems they follow the urban middle class housewife’s life style.

This article aims at studying village phobia in Iranian fictional literature and its sociopolitical roots. In doing so, some Iranian stories about villages and villagers were selected and analyzed based on Goldman's theory. This study is a documentary one, done by content analysis method. Samples include five stories during the period from 1343 (1964) to 1377 (1998). The rsults of study indicate that, there is a negative preconception about village and rural culture that has been found in Iranian fictional literature. These include highlighting the villagers' superstitious beliefs, and despicable and abnormal events. The village image revealed during the study period is a distorted and abnormal image that creates a repulsion impact about the village in the reader.

The current study focuses on the sociological investigation of the reasons for migration form Abhar-e-Paieen to Australia based on the quantitative method. The studied samples are 100 migrants selected by Snowball sampling method. Theoretical framework of the research includes the Lee’s push-pull factors and the network theory. The results show that most of emigrants are youth (mean of age: 29.7), male (82 percent) with diploma or lower education (85 percent), belong to low and middle socio-economic status (96 percent), and belong to friendship networks (56 percent). Satisfaction of welfare amenities (b = -0.513), friendship network (b = 0.442), kinship network (b = 0.398) and social monitoring (b = 0.325) had the greatest effect on the migration respectively. Finally, origin's pushing factors and the network of migrants in destination have been specified as main factors of migration.